Nigeria's security crisis: What's the way out?

Nigeria is facing a multi-layered security crisis, with violence spreadingacross several regions at once. In the northeast, Boko Haram and IS-linked insurgents continue attacks despite years of military operations. In the northwest, armed gangs known as bandits carry out mass kidnappings, cattle rustling and village raids. The central "Middle Belt" region is plagued by deadly clashes between farmers and herders, while in the southeast, tensions linked to separatist movements have triggered attacks on security forces and government facilities. Analysts say weak policing, poverty, unemployment, porous borders and political rivalries have deepened the crisis, raising urgent questions about whether Nigeria needs military reforms, better governance, or new political solutions to restore security.