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阿薩德家族

敘利亞獨裁者家族，從1970年起執政至今

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A drum of toxic waste waits to be incinerated at the Veolia Environmental Services plant outside of Port Arthur, Texas, Thursday, May 17, 2007. The facility is burning 1.8 million gallons of the remnants of the U.S. Army's VX nerve agent in the form of VX hydrolysate waste water. (ddp images/AP Photo/LM Otero)

A drum of toxic waste waits to be incinerated at the Veolia Environmental Services plant outside of Port Arthur, Texas, Thursday, May 17, 2007. The facility is burning 1.8 million gallons of the remnants of the U.S. Army's VX nerve agent in the form of VX hydrolysate waste water. (ddp images/AP Photo/LM Otero)

敘利亞的化學武器

據媒體報導，敘利亞軍隊數周前測試了毒氣彈系統。德媒《明鏡線上》報導到，該系統在阿頗勒東部的薩菲拉（Safira）化學武器研究中心完成測試。

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad delivers a speech as he leaves the Elysee presidential palace, on November 13, 2009 in Paris, after a meeting with French President focused on Middle East peace process, two days after Israeli prime minister's visit in France. AFP PHOTO BERTRAND GUAY (Photo credit should read BERTRAND GUAY/AFP/Getty Images)

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad delivers a speech as he leaves the Elysee presidential palace, on November 13, 2009 in Paris, after a meeting with French President focused on Middle East peace process, two days after Israeli prime minister's visit in France. AFP PHOTO BERTRAND GUAY (Photo credit should read BERTRAND GUAY/AFP/Getty Images)

媒體：反對派懸賞捉拿阿薩德

ARCHIV - Hand in Hand laufen zwei Schwule in Militäroutfit am 28.6.2003 am Brandenburger Tor in Berlin auf der traditionellen Schwulen-Parade zum Christopher Street Day (CSD). Eine Benachteiligung bei der Eintragung homosexueller Partnerschaften im Vergleich zu Trauungen von Mann und Frau lässt sich im nördlichen Rheinland-Pfalz nicht erkennen. dpa/lrs Foto: Tim Brakemeier dpa/lrs (zu lrs/dpa-Umfrage vom 16.10.2010) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ARCHIV - Hand in Hand laufen zwei Schwule in Militäroutfit am 28.6.2003 am Brandenburger Tor in Berlin auf der traditionellen Schwulen-Parade zum Christopher Street Day (CSD). Eine Benachteiligung bei der Eintragung homosexueller Partnerschaften im Vergleich zu Trauungen von Mann und Frau lässt sich im nördlichen Rheinland-Pfalz nicht erkennen. dpa/lrs Foto: Tim Brakemeier dpa/lrs (zu lrs/dpa-Umfrage vom 16.10.2010) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

敘利亞的同性戀者

敘利亞的同性戀者處境艱難。部分同性戀者支持阿薩德政權，因為擔憂保守的伊斯蘭教徒掌權後將使其受到更嚴重的壓迫。

epa03398423 A handout photo made available by Syria's Arab News Agency SANA shows Syrian President Bashar Assad (C-R) meeting with the U.N.-Arab League envoy, Lakhdar Brahimi (C-L), in Damascus, Syria on 15 September 2012 for talks that focused on the 18-month-old crisis in the country. Brahimi_s meeting with Assad is the first since he has replaced the former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. Brahimi, who is on a three-day visit to Syria, held a series of meetings in Damascus with Syrian officials and opposition leaders in order to shape a clear perspective for his future initiative to end the crisis. EPA/SANA / HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03398423 A handout photo made available by Syria's Arab News Agency SANA shows Syrian President Bashar Assad (C-R) meeting with the U.N.-Arab League envoy, Lakhdar Brahimi (C-L), in Damascus, Syria on 15 September 2012 for talks that focused on the 18-month-old crisis in the country. Brahimi_s meeting with Assad is the first since he has replaced the former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. Brahimi, who is on a three-day visit to Syria, held a series of meetings in Damascus with Syrian officials and opposition leaders in order to shape a clear perspective for his future initiative to end the crisis. EPA/SANA / HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

卜拉希米特使會晤阿薩德

Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi (L) talks at the Arab League headquarters in Cairo September 5, 2012. Mursi, promising to put Cairo back at the heart of Arab affairs, made an impassioned appeal to Arab states on Wednesday to work for an end to the bloodshed in Syria and said the time had come to change the Syrian government. REUTERS/Egyptian Presidency/Handout (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi (L) talks at the Arab League headquarters in Cairo September 5, 2012. Mursi, promising to put Cairo back at the heart of Arab affairs, made an impassioned appeal to Arab states on Wednesday to work for an end to the bloodshed in Syria and said the time had come to change the Syrian government. REUTERS/Egyptian Presidency/Handout (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

060912 Mursi Assad Arabische Liga

周三，埃及總統穆爾西公開呼籲阿薩德下台。在開羅舉行的阿拉伯聯盟會議期間，穆爾西表示，"轉變的時候到了，因為您反正在這個位置上呆不了多久了。"周四，大馬士革外交部給予回應。

Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi (2nd L) leaves the Arab League headquarters in Cairo September 5, 2012. Mursi, promising to put Cairo back at the heart of Arab affairs, made an impassioned appeal to Arab states on Wednesday to work for an end to the bloodshed in Syria and said the time had come to change the Syrian government. REUTERS/Asmaa Waguih (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS)

Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi (2nd L) leaves the Arab League headquarters in Cairo September 5, 2012. Mursi, promising to put Cairo back at the heart of Arab affairs, made an impassioned appeal to Arab states on Wednesday to work for an end to the bloodshed in Syria and said the time had come to change the Syrian government. REUTERS/Asmaa Waguih (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS)

埃及總統穆爾西呼籲阿薩德下台

TITEL: Botschafterkonferenz Berlin 2012 Bei dem Thema geht es um die Botschafterkonferenz in Berlin, im Auswärtigen Amt, die heute stattfindet. Ort; Berlin Datum: 27.8.2012 Alle von mir und frei für die DW (Rosalia Romaniec) Auf den Bildern sind die Außenminister zu sehen: Polnischer Außenminister Radek Sikorski Deutscher Außenminister Guido Westerwelle.

TITEL: Botschafterkonferenz Berlin 2012 Bei dem Thema geht es um die Botschafterkonferenz in Berlin, im Auswärtigen Amt, die heute stattfindet. Ort; Berlin Datum: 27.8.2012 Alle von mir und frei für die DW (Rosalia Romaniec) Auf den Bildern sind die Außenminister zu sehen: Polnischer Außenminister Radek Sikorski Deutscher Außenminister Guido Westerwelle.

柏林成立反阿薩德政權的國際小組

德國政府幫助制定後阿薩德時代敘利亞計畫

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad attends Eid Al Fitr prayers at al-Hamad mosque in Damascus August 19, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. REUTERS/Sana/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad attends Eid Al Fitr prayers at al-Hamad mosque in Damascus August 19, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. REUTERS/Sana/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

經濟縮水阿薩德還能撐多久？

經濟萎縮和國際制裁阻礙阿薩德政權同國際市場的貿易往來。眼下，該國越來越依靠少數幾個盟國的支持，以幫助阿薩德為他的戰爭"買單"。

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad delivers a speech as he leaves the Elysee presidential palace, on November 13, 2009 in Paris, after a meeting with French President focused on Middle East peace process, two days after Israeli prime minister's visit in France. AFP PHOTO BERTRAND GUAY (Photo credit should read BERTRAND GUAY/AFP/Getty Images)

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad delivers a speech as he leaves the Elysee presidential palace, on November 13, 2009 in Paris, after a meeting with French President focused on Middle East peace process, two days after Israeli prime minister's visit in France. AFP PHOTO BERTRAND GUAY (Photo credit should read BERTRAND GUAY/AFP/Getty Images)

阿薩德拒絕建立難民保護區

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad (3nd R )attends Eid Al Fitr prayers at al-Hamad mosque in Damascus August 19, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. REUTERS/Sana/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad (3nd R )attends Eid Al Fitr prayers at al-Hamad mosque in Damascus August 19, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. REUTERS/Sana/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

阿薩德稱，敘利亞正打一場「全球戰役」

Syrian Nasif Hashoum, 54, looks at the rubble of a house destroyed in a Syrian government airstrike in Anadan, on the outskirts of Aleppo, Syria, Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012. (Foto:Muhammed Muheisen/AP/dapd)

Syrian Nasif Hashoum, 54, looks at the rubble of a house destroyed in a Syrian government airstrike in Anadan, on the outskirts of Aleppo, Syria, Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012. (Foto:Muhammed Muheisen/AP/dapd)

敘反對派人士公佈「後阿薩德時代」計畫

Smoke rises during sectarian clashes between Sunni Muslims and Alawites in Tripoli,northern Lebanon, August 24, 2012. Sectarian violence flared in Lebanon's port city of Tripoli after a short ceasefire, with at least 13 dead in the ongoing violence.REUTERS/Stringer (LEBANON - Tags: CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von nis

Smoke rises during sectarian clashes between Sunni Muslims and Alawites in Tripoli,northern Lebanon, August 24, 2012. Sectarian violence flared in Lebanon's port city of Tripoli after a short ceasefire, with at least 13 dead in the ongoing violence.REUTERS/Stringer (LEBANON - Tags: CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von nis

伊朗本周提出敘利亞和平新計畫

The bodies of people whom anti-government protesters say were killed by government security forces lie on the ground in Huola, near Homs May 26, 2012. The death toll has risen to at least 90 from Syrian shelling on the town of Houla on Friday, an opposition group said on Saturday. The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said residents continued to flee the town, in central Homs province, in fear that artillery fire would resume. REUTERS/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

The bodies of people whom anti-government protesters say were killed by government security forces lie on the ground in Huola, near Homs May 26, 2012. The death toll has risen to at least 90 from Syrian shelling on the town of Houla on Friday, an opposition group said on Saturday. The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said residents continued to flee the town, in central Homs province, in fear that artillery fire would resume. REUTERS/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

阿薩德：不惜一切代價打擊叛亂分子

Darrell Davenport walks past empty weapons storage containers at the Army's chemical munitions incinerator in Anniston, Ala., on Thursday, May 29, 2008. The incinerator has destroyed about half of the 2,254 tons of chemical weapons stored at Anniston Army Depot in almost five years of work. (AP Photo/Jay Reeves

Darrell Davenport walks past empty weapons storage containers at the Army's chemical munitions incinerator in Anniston, Ala., on Thursday, May 29, 2008. The incinerator has destroyed about half of the 2,254 tons of chemical weapons stored at Anniston Army Depot in almost five years of work. (AP Photo/Jay Reeves

OPCW組織15年

15年來，總部海牙的OPCW組織都致力監督《禁化武公約》實施

Qadri Jamil, Syria's deputy prime minister for economic affairs, listens during a news conference in Moscow August 3, 2012. Syria is producing about 200,000 barrels per day of crude oil and has agreed to export it to Russia in return for gasoline and diesel in return, Jamil said on Friday. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov (RUSSIA - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)

Qadri Jamil, Syria's deputy prime minister for economic affairs, listens during a news conference in Moscow August 3, 2012. Syria is producing about 200,000 barrels per day of crude oil and has agreed to export it to Russia in return for gasoline and diesel in return, Jamil said on Friday. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov (RUSSIA - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)

敘副總理稱準備就阿薩德辭職進行討論

President Barack Obama speaks in the White House briefing room in Washington, Monday, Aug. 20, 2012. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

President Barack Obama speaks in the White House briefing room in Washington, Monday, Aug. 20, 2012. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

歐巴馬向敘利亞政府發出警告

美國白宮態度明確的向敘利亞發出警告：如果阿薩德政權動用化學武器，美國可能會軍事幹預敘利亞衝突。

阿薩德短暫公開露面

epa03253025 UN observers are seen ahead of their daily patrols of restive cities at the Dama Rose hotel in Damascus, Syria, 07 June 2012. According to media reports on 07 June 2012, the Syrian army and civilians prevented UN observers from inspecting the site of a reported massacre in the central province of Hama, the head of the UN mission in the country confirmed. EPA/YOUSSEF BADAWI

epa03253025 UN observers are seen ahead of their daily patrols of restive cities at the Dama Rose hotel in Damascus, Syria, 07 June 2012. According to media reports on 07 June 2012, the Syrian army and civilians prevented UN observers from inspecting the site of a reported massacre in the central province of Hama, the head of the UN mission in the country confirmed. EPA/YOUSSEF BADAWI

送走觀察團迎來新特使

聯合國敘利亞監督團任期將於19日午夜12時結束，儘管如此，國際社會以和平方式解決敘利亞衝突的努力仍在繼續。

Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah (2nd R) shakes hands with Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at the opening ceremony of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) summit in Mecca August 14, 2012. Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah seated Ahmadinejad at his side to welcome leaders to a summit on Wednesday, an apparent conciliatory gesture before the OOIC suspends the membership of Iran's ally Syria. REUTERS/Saudi Press Agency/Handout (SAUDI ARABIA - Tags: POLITICS ROYALS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah (2nd R) shakes hands with Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at the opening ceremony of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) summit in Mecca August 14, 2012. Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah seated Ahmadinejad at his side to welcome leaders to a summit on Wednesday, an apparent conciliatory gesture before the OOIC suspends the membership of Iran's ally Syria. REUTERS/Saudi Press Agency/Handout (SAUDI ARABIA - Tags: POLITICS ROYALS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

世界伊合組織：老對手又碰頭

在剛剛落幕的世界伊合組織峰會上，雖然時時出現團結、統一這些詞匯，不過在敘利亞的問題上，老對手伊朗和沙烏地阿拉伯又展開了一場較量。

加速阿薩德政權的瓦解

聯合國為阻止敘利亞衝突升級所作的外交努力失敗如期所料。

Free Syrian Army fighters sit behind a barricade on a street in Aleppo August 13, 2012. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

Free Syrian Army fighters sit behind a barricade on a street in Aleppo August 13, 2012. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

阿薩德四面楚歌

敘利亞在國際上正在進一步加深其孤立境地。

阿薩德在華尋求支持

中國8月14日接待了敘利亞政府特使夏班（Buthaina Shaaban）。與此同時，北京顯然已在為後阿薩德時代作準備。對此，《新蘇黎世報》8月15日發表如下分析文章。

敘利亞前總理：阿薩德政權行將崩潰

A Syrian Air Force fighter plane fires a rocket during an air strike in the village of Tel Rafat, some 37 km (23 miles) north of Aleppo, August 9, 2012. Syrian troops and rebels fought over the country's biggest city Aleppo as President Bashar al-Assad's key foreign backer Iran gathered ministers from like-minded states for talks on Thursday about how to end the conflict. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: MILITARY CIVIL UNREST TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

A Syrian Air Force fighter plane fires a rocket during an air strike in the village of Tel Rafat, some 37 km (23 miles) north of Aleppo, August 9, 2012. Syrian troops and rebels fought over the country's biggest city Aleppo as President Bashar al-Assad's key foreign backer Iran gathered ministers from like-minded states for talks on Thursday about how to end the conflict. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: MILITARY CIVIL UNREST TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

阿薩德特使出訪北京

安南的敘利亞使命失敗了。阿薩德總統派遣特使訪問北京。

Turkey's Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, top right, and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton meet with Syrian refugees in Istanbul, on Saturday, Aug. 11, 2012. (Foto:Jacquelyn Martin, Pool/AP/dapd)

Turkey's Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, top right, and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton meet with Syrian refugees in Istanbul, on Saturday, Aug. 11, 2012. (Foto:Jacquelyn Martin, Pool/AP/dapd)

美國和土耳其為後阿薩德時代做準備

Afghans stand near a bus which was hit by a remote control bomb on the outskirts of Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Aug. 7, 2012. A militant detonated a remote-control bomb Tuesday morning, killing at least eight Afghan civilians who were traveling in a bus just northwest of the Afghan capital, police said. (Foto:Ahmad Nazar/AP/dapd).

Afghans stand near a bus which was hit by a remote control bomb on the outskirts of Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Aug. 7, 2012. A militant detonated a remote-control bomb Tuesday morning, killing at least eight Afghan civilians who were traveling in a bus just northwest of the Afghan capital, police said. (Foto:Ahmad Nazar/AP/dapd).

德國聯邦情報局：阿薩德政權可能很快結束

伊朗繼續支持敘利亞阿薩德政權

專訪阿勒頗戰地記者

敘利亞總理希賈卜轉投反對派陣營給阿薩德政府沉重一擊。

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Damaged houses are seen after shelling by President Bashar al-Assad's forces in Kadam district area in Damascus' suburbs August 4, 2012. REUTERS/Omar al Khani (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS)

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Damaged houses are seen after shelling by President Bashar al-Assad's forces in Kadam district area in Damascus' suburbs August 4, 2012. REUTERS/Omar al Khani (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS)

撲朔迷離的敘利亞局勢

對阿薩德來說，總理倒戈首先具有象徵意義。

伊朗「援兵」被綁架？

敘利亞總理髮表聲明脫離政權，同時，敘利亞國內仍在進行激烈戰鬥

敘利亞總理轉投反對派陣營

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, right, his brother Maher, centre, and brother-in-law Major General Assef Shawkat, left, stand during the funeral of late president Hafez al-Assad in Damascus on June 13, 2000. Syria is considering a U.N. request to interview six top officials about the slaying of a former Lebanese leader, a Foreign Ministry official said Monday, while declining to disclose the identities of the people that the U.N. investigators want to question except that they want to see Gen. Assef Shawkat, the brother-in-law of Syrian President Assad, among others. (AP Photo)

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, right, his brother Maher, centre, and brother-in-law Major General Assef Shawkat, left, stand during the funeral of late president Hafez al-Assad in Damascus on June 13, 2000. Syria is considering a U.N. request to interview six top officials about the slaying of a former Lebanese leader, a Foreign Ministry official said Monday, while declining to disclose the identities of the people that the U.N. investigators want to question except that they want to see Gen. Assef Shawkat, the brother-in-law of Syrian President Assad, among others. (AP Photo)

阿薩德的"親友團"

雖然是敘利亞的總統，不過巴沙爾‧阿薩德並不是唯一的決策者，種種命令都是由一個核心權力集團做出的決定。

A Syrian man connects on his Facebook account at an internet cafe, in Damascus, Syria, on Tuesday Feb. 8, 2011. A media watchdog said Tuesday that Syria appears to be lifting a three-year-old ban on YouTube and Facebook, a decision that could be seen as a gesture to stave off unrest following popular uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia. The Syrian government does not comment on its Internet restrictions. But several Internet users in Syria told The Associated Press on Tuesday that the sites were accessible for the first time in years without having to tunnel through a proxy servers. Lifting the ban may well be an example of such reforms, but it is not a major concession by Assad. The ban had little practical effect, with many Syrians using proxy servers to access the sites every day. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)

A Syrian man connects on his Facebook account at an internet cafe, in Damascus, Syria, on Tuesday Feb. 8, 2011. A media watchdog said Tuesday that Syria appears to be lifting a three-year-old ban on YouTube and Facebook, a decision that could be seen as a gesture to stave off unrest following popular uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia. The Syrian government does not comment on its Internet restrictions. But several Internet users in Syria told The Associated Press on Tuesday that the sites were accessible for the first time in years without having to tunnel through a proxy servers. Lifting the ban may well be an example of such reforms, but it is not a major concession by Assad. The ban had little practical effect, with many Syrians using proxy servers to access the sites every day. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)

政府方與反對派的網路戰

在一些知名的社交網站如臉書、推特、Youtube上面，敘利亞政府的支持者和反對派開展了一場沒有硝煙的宣傳戰。

FILE - epa03308933 A Syrian refugee who fled the violence in his county flashes the victory sign at Bashabsheh refugee camp, at Jordan-Syria Border, Ramtha City, 90Km North of Amman, Jordan, 17 July 2012. Jordan on 10 July said it had begun construction of the country_s first Syrian refugee camp, as part of efforts to cope with a refugee influx that has reached as high as 1,000 people per day. The camp, designed to host up to 5,000 refugees, will be jointly funded by the UN and the JHCO and completed by the end of the week, according to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). EPA/JAMAL NASRALLAH (zu dpa "Freiheit mit Hindernissen: Syrische Flüchtlinge in Jordanien" vom 24.07.2012) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

FILE - epa03308933 A Syrian refugee who fled the violence in his county flashes the victory sign at Bashabsheh refugee camp, at Jordan-Syria Border, Ramtha City, 90Km North of Amman, Jordan, 17 July 2012. Jordan on 10 July said it had begun construction of the country_s first Syrian refugee camp, as part of efforts to cope with a refugee influx that has reached as high as 1,000 people per day. The camp, designed to host up to 5,000 refugees, will be jointly funded by the UN and the JHCO and completed by the end of the week, according to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). EPA/JAMAL NASRALLAH (zu dpa "Freiheit mit Hindernissen: Syrische Flüchtlinge in Jordanien" vom 24.07.2012) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

阿拉伯國家推動聯合國大會決議要求阿薩德下台

In this image made from amateur video released by the Ugarit News and accessed Monday, July 23, 2012, Syrian government troops are seen on a military tank as it catches on fire during clashes with Free Syrian Army soldiers in Aleppo, Syria. The Syrian regime acknowledged for the first time Monday that it possessed stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons and said it will only use them in case of a foreign attack and never internally against its own citizens. (Foto:Ugarit News via AP video/AP/dapd) TV OUT, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. // eingestellt von se

In this image made from amateur video released by the Ugarit News and accessed Monday, July 23, 2012, Syrian government troops are seen on a military tank as it catches on fire during clashes with Free Syrian Army soldiers in Aleppo, Syria. The Syrian regime acknowledged for the first time Monday that it possessed stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons and said it will only use them in case of a foreign attack and never internally against its own citizens. (Foto:Ugarit News via AP video/AP/dapd) TV OUT, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. // eingestellt von se

激戰阿勒頗

在敘利亞北部城市阿勒頗，政府軍派出了大量戰鬥直升機、大炮向反對派發起攻擊，力爭在這場激戰中取得上風，試圖重新奪回該地區控制權。

Syrian rebels sit in a pick up truck in Aleppo, Syria, Saturday, July 28, 2012. (Foto:Alberto Prieto/AP/dapd)

Syrian rebels sit in a pick up truck in Aleppo, Syria, Saturday, July 28, 2012. (Foto:Alberto Prieto/AP/dapd)

敘全國委員會將在開羅商談建過渡政府

A fire burns after a shelling at Tafes near Deraa July 22, 2012. Picture taken July 22, 2012. REUTERS/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

A fire burns after a shelling at Tafes near Deraa July 22, 2012. Picture taken July 22, 2012. REUTERS/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

一敘利亞議員倒戈

Arab League Secretary General, Nabil al-Arabi, left, Qatari Prime Minister Hamad ben Jassem, center, and UN and Arab League envoy to Syria Kofi Annan, right, take part in the meeting of the Committee of Ministers of the Arab League to discuss the situation in Syria taking place in Doha, Tuesday 17, April 2012. (Foto:Osama Faisal/AP/dapd)

Arab League Secretary General, Nabil al-Arabi, left, Qatari Prime Minister Hamad ben Jassem, center, and UN and Arab League envoy to Syria Kofi Annan, right, take part in the meeting of the Committee of Ministers of the Arab League to discuss the situation in Syria taking place in Doha, Tuesday 17, April 2012. (Foto:Osama Faisal/AP/dapd)

阿盟許諾向辭職後的阿薩德提供「自由保護」

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad (3rd R) meets U.N. Syria peace envoy Kofi Annan in Damascus July 9, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. With them are: Bouthaina Shaaban (R), adviser to Syria's president, and Foreign Minister Walid al-Moualem (2nd R). REUTERS/SANA (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad (3rd R) meets U.N. Syria peace envoy Kofi Annan in Damascus July 9, 2012, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. With them are: Bouthaina Shaaban (R), adviser to Syria's president, and Foreign Minister Walid al-Moualem (2nd R). REUTERS/SANA (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

敘利亞衝突的外交拉鋸戰

敘利亞暴力局面仍在持續。只要俄羅斯並沒有放棄對敘當局的支持，暴力活動就不會停止。

Syrian regime supporters hold up Bashar Assad's portrait and a man holds up a banner that reads "Thank China and Russia" during a rally in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria, Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (ddp images/AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)

Syrian regime supporters hold up Bashar Assad's portrait and a man holds up a banner that reads "Thank China and Russia" during a rally in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria, Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (ddp images/AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)

俄羅斯稱，不會永遠力挺阿薩德

安南在敘利亞二度斡旋

安南與敘總統阿薩德進行了會談。安南稱，雙方就結束暴力危機達成共識。

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad speaks to the new government in Damascus in this handout photo distributed by Syrian News Agency (SANA) June 26, 2012. Al-Assad issued a decree to form a new government on Saturday, shaking up many cabinet posts but keeping the heads of the interior, defence and foreign ministries, state television reported. REUTERS/SANA/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Syria's President Bashar al-Assad speaks to the new government in Damascus in this handout photo distributed by Syrian News Agency (SANA) June 26, 2012. Al-Assad issued a decree to form a new government on Saturday, shaking up many cabinet posts but keeping the heads of the interior, defence and foreign ministries, state television reported. REUTERS/SANA/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

媒體：西方促俄向阿薩德提供避難權

In this image made from amateur video released by the Shaam News Network and accessed Tuesday, June 26, 2012, smoke rises from buildings following purported shelling in Homs, Syria. (Foto:Shaam News Network via AP video/AP/dapd) TV OUT, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL

In this image made from amateur video released by the Shaam News Network and accessed Tuesday, June 26, 2012, smoke rises from buildings following purported shelling in Homs, Syria. (Foto:Shaam News Network via AP video/AP/dapd) TV OUT, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL

阿薩德首次承認敘利亞處於戰爭狀態

Secretary General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen, left, is welcomed by Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara, Turkey, Monday, April 4, 2011. NATO Secretary-General Fogh Rasmussen holds talks with Erdogan and Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and other government officials after NATO took sole control of air military operations over Libya. The U.S. military will pull its warplanes from front-line missions Monday and shift to a support role in Libyan operations, a NATO official said. (Foto:Umit Bektas, Pool/AP/dapd).

Secretary General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen, left, is welcomed by Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara, Turkey, Monday, April 4, 2011. NATO Secretary-General Fogh Rasmussen holds talks with Erdogan and Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and other government officials after NATO took sole control of air military operations over Libya. The U.S. military will pull its warplanes from front-line missions Monday and shift to a support role in Libyan operations, a NATO official said. (Foto:Umit Bektas, Pool/AP/dapd).

土耳其總理呼籲推翻阿薩德

A plume of smoke rises from a wooded area along the Turkish-Syrian border close to the village of Guveççi. Syrian activist believe the pro-regime forces have deliberately set forest fires to stop civilians from fleeing and rebel movement along the border with Turkey. Copyright: DW/Gaia Anderson Juni, 2012, Guveççi, Turkey

A plume of smoke rises from a wooded area along the Turkish-Syrian border close to the village of Guveççi. Syrian activist believe the pro-regime forces have deliberately set forest fires to stop civilians from fleeing and rebel movement along the border with Turkey. Copyright: DW/Gaia Anderson Juni, 2012, Guveççi, Turkey

多名敘利亞高級軍官脫逃

ARCHIV - Der syrische Präsident Baschar al-Assad (Archivfoto vom 04.09.2008) ist nach eigenen Angaben bereit, auf den künftigen US-PräsidentenObama zuzugehen. «Die neue amerikanische Regierung muss sich ernsthaft im Friedensprozess engagieren. Wir sind zu jeder Form der Kooperation bereit», sagte Assad in einem Gespräch mit dem Nachrichtenmagazin «Der Spiegel». Damaskus würde «gern zur Stabilisierung der Region beitragen». EPA/YOUSSEF BADAWI +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ARCHIV - Der syrische Präsident Baschar al-Assad (Archivfoto vom 04.09.2008) ist nach eigenen Angaben bereit, auf den künftigen US-PräsidentenObama zuzugehen. «Die neue amerikanische Regierung muss sich ernsthaft im Friedensprozess engagieren. Wir sind zu jeder Form der Kooperation bereit», sagte Assad in einem Gespräch mit dem Nachrichtenmagazin «Der Spiegel». Damaskus würde «gern zur Stabilisierung der Region beitragen». EPA/YOUSSEF BADAWI +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

阿薩德任命敘利亞新政府

A Free Syrian Army fighter fires his weapon during clashes near Idlib, Syria, Friday, June 15, 2012. (Foto:AP/dapd)

A Free Syrian Army fighter fires his weapon during clashes near Idlib, Syria, Friday, June 15, 2012. (Foto:AP/dapd)

聯敘觀察團任務暫停

聯合國敘利亞觀察團周六宣佈暫停一切活動，以應對該國暴力持續升級帶來的風險。

In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian President Bashar Assad speaks at the Parliament, in Damascus, Syria, Wednesday, March 30, 2011. Syria's president has blamed the wave of protests against his authoritarian rule on 'conspirators' - but he failed to offer any concessions to appease the extraordinary wave of dissent. (ddp images/AP Photo/SANA) EDITORIAL USE ONLY

In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian President Bashar Assad speaks at the Parliament, in Damascus, Syria, Wednesday, March 30, 2011. Syria's president has blamed the wave of protests against his authoritarian rule on 'conspirators' - but he failed to offer any concessions to appease the extraordinary wave of dissent. (ddp images/AP Photo/SANA) EDITORIAL USE ONLY

有誰力挺阿薩德

雖然血腥事件不斷發生，大多數阿薩德的擁護者仍然沒有改變立場。

Demonstrators hold opposition flags during a protest against Syria's President Bashar al-Assad after Friday prayers in Deraa May 25, 2012. REUTER/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS CONFLICT) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Demonstrators hold opposition flags during a protest against Syria's President Bashar al-Assad after Friday prayers in Deraa May 25, 2012. REUTER/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS CONFLICT) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

土耳其要求討論阿薩德流亡問題