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敘利亞

敘利亞是世界最古老文明發源地之一。1944年1月1日宣佈獨立,1946年4月7日被聯合國及世界各國認可為正式獨立國家。2011年「阿拉伯之春」後,該國爆發內戰,並造成了二戰結束以來最大規模的難民潮。

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Zeltlager Za』atari an der jordanische Grenze – Mutter Um Ali im Lager Za』tari. Die Mutter Um Ali ist verzweifelt und beklagt die Sandstürme, 06.05.2012. Zulieferung am 15.8.2012. Fotograf / Copyright: Doris Bulau
A Syrian Air Force helicopter prepares to fire a rocket during an air strike in Sakhur district, in the center of Aleppo city, August 23, 2012. REUTERS/Youssef Boudlal (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST)
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Francois Hollande listen to national anthems during a ceremony at the Chancellery in Berlin, May 15, 2012. Hollande called for a European pact for growth to balance out German-driven austerity measures in his inaugural address on Tuesday, hours before taking his challenge to Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin. Sworn in with all the pomp of the French Republic, Hollande won support from Germany's opposition Social Democrats (SPD), who vowed to use their parliamentary blocking power to delay ratifying a European budget discipline treaty until Merkel accepts accompanying measures to boost growth and jobs. REUTERS/Thomas Peter (GERMANY - Tags: POLITICS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
Syria © rolffimages #12096048 Autor rolffimages Portfolio ansehen Bildnummer 12096048 Land USA
FILE - This June 8, 2004, file photo shows giant containment cylinders that will be used to move deadly chemical weapons from storage igloos to an incinerator inside the Umatilla Chemical Weapons Disposal Facility outside Hermiston, Ore. Nearly seventy years after the U.S. Government began storing chemical weapons at the site, workers started incinerating the final ton of mustard gas there Monday and Tuesday, destroying the last of the chemical weapons stockpile in the Northwest. (AP Photo/Jeff Barnard, file)
Netzwerkkabel stecken in Berlin in einem Verteiler für Internetverbindungen, aufgenommen am 11.12.2008. Foto: Arno Burgi dpa +++(c) dpa - Report+++
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle delivers a speech during the Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan in Tokyo, on Sunday, July 8, 2012. International donors pledged Sunday $16 billion in badly needed development aid for Afghanistan over the next four years when most foreign troops will leave as Afghan President Hamid Karzai urged the international community not to abandon his country. (Foto:Franck Robichon, Pool/AP/dapd)
A soldier from a U.S. Army Fox Chemical Reconaissance team of the Tenth Cavalry Division stands up wind at a distance determined safe, at a site containing suspicious drums full of unknown liquid, outside Baiji, Iraq, Monday, April 28, 2003. On Sunday, U.S. military chemical weapons experts examined the site, which in preliminary tests pointed to the possible presence of nerve gas, according to a U.S. field commander. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)
Jordanian military intelligence investigate the site where four Syrian artillery shells fell overnight in Turra, Jordan, near the border with Syria, Monday, Aug. 20, 2012. Jordan's government spokesman has sternly criticized Syria for artillery shelling on its northern border that wounded a Jordanian girl and panicked other civilians. Four shells landed in Jordan on Sunday during clashes between the Syrian military and rebel forces on the Syrian side of the border. (Foto:Mohammad Hannon/AP/dapd)
Members of the Free Syrian Army hold their rifles as they secure a street in the Damascus suburb of Saqba August 17, 2012. Syria's government and rebels have "chosen the path of war", a U.N. peacekeeping chief said as the world body ended its doomed monitoring mission to Damascus and deadlock persists among world powers over how to contain the spreading conflict. REUTERS /Omar al-Khani (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
Ein Mann hält ein Richtmikrofon an ein Fenster (Archivfoto vom 09.02.1998, Illustration zum Thema Bespitzelung). BND-Präsident Hanning hat Medienberichte im Grundsatz bestätigt, wonach der Bundesnachrichtendienst von 1993 an Journalisten und Wissenschaftler beschattet habe, um eine undichte Stelle in der eigenen Behörde zu entlarven. Foto: Hubert Link (zu dpa 4139 vom 12.11.2005) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Nordrhein-Westfalen/ ARCHIV: Der damalige Sonderbeauftragte der vereinten Nationen fuer Afghanistan, Lakhdar Brahimi beantwortet auf einer Pressekonferenz nach der Aussenministerkonferenz "Afghanistan im Wiederaufbau" auf dem Petersberg in Bonn die Fragen der Journalisten (Foto vom 02.12.02). Eine Woche nach dem Ruecktritt von Kofi Annan als UN-Sondergesandter fuer Syrien wird der fruehere algerische Aussenminister Lakhdar Brahimi als aussichtsreicher Kandidat fuer die Nachfolge gehandelt. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Torsten Silz/dapd
A Free Syrian Army fighter runs for cover as a Syrian Army tank shell hits a building across a street during clashes in the Salaheddine neighbourhood of central Aleppo August 17, 2012. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT MILITARY POLITICS)
In this picture taken during a UN observer-organized tour, UN observers don body armor upon their arrival in Hama city, central Syria, on Thursday May 3, 2012. Syrian security forces stormed dorms at a northwestern university to break up anti-government protests there, killing at least four students and wounding several others with tear gas and live ammunition, activists and opposition groups said Thursday. (Foto:Muzaffar Salman/AP/dapd)
epa03186719 A handout picture released by Syrian news agency SANA shows China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (R) greeting his Syrian counterpart Walid Moallem (L) in Beijing, China, 18 April 2012. EPA/SYRIAN NEWS AGENCY SANA/HO HANDOUT -- EDITORIAL USE ONLY +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Syrian protesters chant anti-Bashar Assad slogans under a large revolutionary flag during a protest in front the Syrian embassy in Amman, Jordan, Friday, March 9, 2012. Hundreds of Syrians attend the Friday prayer, prior to a protest in front the Syrian embassy to demand International intervention and to arm the Free Syrian Army. (AP photo/Mohammad Hannon)
Ein Kampfjet der Luftwaffe der Armee der Revolutionswächter Iran, während eines Manövers am 02.07.2012
Syrian security investigate the scene after a bomb attached to a fuel truck exploded outside a Damascus hotel where U.N. observers are staying in Damascus, Syria, Wednesday, Aug. 15, 2012. Several people were wounded, Syria's state TV reported. TV said the explosion took place near a parking lot used by the army command, which is about 300 meters (yards) away. (Foto:Bassem Tellawi/AP/dapd)
In this photo provided by the United Nations, the United Nations Security Council votes on a resolution that threatens Syria with new sanctions, Thursday, July 19, 2012. The resolution failed after it was vetoed by Russia and China. (Foto:The United Nations, Mark Garten/AP/dapd)
Governor of al-Qunatara city and former agriculture minister Riyad Hijab is seen in al-Qunatara in this February 15, 2011 file photograph. Syrian Prime Minister Riyad Hijab has been sacked, Syrian television reported on August 6, 2012. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad appointed Hijab, a former agriculture minister, as prime minister in June following a parliamentary election in May which authorities said was a step towards political reform but which opponents dismissed as a sham. REUTERS/Khaled al-Hariri/Files (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST HEADSHOT)
Ein US-Kampfjet von Typ F 15 überfliegt am 14.3.1999 während eines Kontrollfluges über der nördlichen Flugverbotszone (Operation Northern Watch) ein Gebirge im Norden des Irak. Seit dem Beginn der Nato-Luftangriffe auf Jugoslawien haben die USA ihre Patrouillenflüge über den Flugverbotszonen im Irak drastisch eingeschränkt. 13 US-Jets, die an den Patrouillenflügen im Irak beteiligt waren, wurden von der Türkei nach Europa verlegt. Als Folge finden nun in der südlichen Flugverbotszone weniger, in der nördlichen überhaupt keine Kontrollen mehr statt.
ATTENTION EDITORS - REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT OF THIS VIDEO, WHICH HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM A SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITE. A fighter jet is engulfed in flames in this still picture taken from amateur video said to be shot on August 13, 2012. The video showed a fighter jet engulfed in flames in the sky in an episode described in the video as rebels shooting down a Syrian army fighter jet over the town of Mohassen, in Deir al-Zor province in Syria. A Syrian fighter jet crashed in eastern Syria on Monday, state television said, hours after rebels said they had brought down a jet in the same area. The official news channel Syria TV said the plane crashed due to technical problems during a "regular training mission". REUTERS/Social Media via REUTERS TV (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT MILITARY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
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